The Institute of Historical Research now offer a wide selection of digital research training packages designed for historians and made available online on History SPOT. Most of these have received mention on this blog from time to time and hopefully some of you will have had had a good look at them. These courses are freely available and we only ask that you register for History SPOT to access them (which is a free and easy process). Full details of our online and face-to-face courses can also be found on the IHR website. Here is a brief look at one of them.
Designing Databases for Historical Research was one of two modules that we launched alongside History SPOT late in 2011. Unlike most courses on databases that are generic in scope, this module focuses very much on the historian and his/her needs. The module is written in a handbook format by Dr Mark Merry. Mark runs our face to face databases course and is very much the man to go to for advice on building databases to house historical data.
The module looks at the theory behind using databases rather than showing you how to build them. It is very much a starting point, a place to go to before embarking on the lengthy time that databases require of their creators. Is your historical data appropriate for database use or should a different piece of software be used? What things should you consider before starting the database? Getting it right from the very beginning does save you a lot of time and frustration later on.
If you need more convincing then here is a snippet from the module, where Mark discusses the importance of thinking about the data and database before you even open up the software.
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The very first step in the formal process for designing a database is to decide what purpose(s) the database is to serve. This is something that is perhaps not as obvious or as straightforward as one might expect, given that databases in the abstract can indeed serve one or more of a number of different kinds of function. In essence, however, there are three types of function that the historian is likely to be interested in:
- Data management
- Record linkage
- Pattern elucidation/aggregate analysis
Each of these functions is a goal that can be achieved through shaping of the database in the design process, and each will require some elements of the database design to be conducted in specific ways, although they are by no means mutually exclusive. And this latter point is an important one, given that most historians will want to have access to the full range of functionality offered by the database, and will likely engage in research that will require all three of the listed types of activity. Or, to put it another way, many historians are unlikely to know precisely what it is they want to do with their database at the very beginning of the design process, which is when these decisions should be taken. This is why, as we shall see later in this section, many historians are inclined to design databases which maximise flexibility in what they can use them for later on in the project (a goal which will come at the price of design simplicity).
The data management aspect of the database is in many cases almost a by-product of how the database works, and yet it is also one of its most powerful and useful functions. Simply being able to hold vast quantities of information from different sources as data all in one place, in a form that makes it possible to find any given piece of information and see it in relation to other pieces of information, is a very important tool for the historian. Many historians use a database for bibliographical organisation, allowing them to connect notes from secondary reading to information taken from primary sources and being able to trace either back to its source. The simpler tools of database software can be used to find information quickly and easily, making the database a robust mechanism for holding information for retrieval.
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Unlike the other courses on History SPOT this particular module also doubles as the unofficial first part of a much more comprehensive training course Building and Using Databases for Historians, which we have made available online. This larger course is not free but well worth the price and effort. By the end of that course you should be ready to use databases for analysing almost any kind of historical data that you might wish to use it with. There is more information on that course on the module pages and also on the IHR website (as listed below)
If you would like to have a look at this module please register for History SPOT for free and follow the instructions (http://historyspot.org.uk). If you would like further information about this course, and the others that the IHR offer please have a look at our Research Training pages on the IHR website.